Detalle de: Adjuvants in Fish Vaccines

This chapter summarize the current status of vaccine adjuvants used in fish vaccines and discusses some of the most promising new-generation adjuvants that may help to overcome the limitations of fish vaccinology. The antigenic component constitutes the specific moiety of a vaccine that is responsible for the induction of a protective adaptive immune response in vaccinated fish. Delivery systems explored to channel antigens for fish vaccines into the intra- or extracellular compartments include the use of emulsion suspensions, biodegradable microparticles, and fusion of antigens with bacterial toxins. Emulsion formulations constitute the greater bulk of commercial vaccines currently used in aquaculture, where the oil-adjuvanted vaccines play a key role. Particulate delivery systems explored for fish vaccines thus far include liposomes, chitosans, alginate microspheres and PLGA nanoparticles.